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Search Scope and Limitations

The scope of searches is determined by the option chosen from the list below the search box. If the Slave-Studies.net catalog is searched, search criteria are matched against the individual catalog entries, otherwise against entire web pages.

Searches across the sites listed in the Slave-Studies.net catalog are subject to the following restrictions:

• Searches are currently limited to the "visible" web, i. e. web pages displayed directly by browser software. Resources that require the use of external programs or plugins (such as PDF files, MS Word documents, etc.) are not indexed.
• The search engine respects the common robot exclusion standards. Pages prohibiting automated access cannot be searched.
• The search engine does not cover pages only available from the Internet Archive.
• Consult the list of sites in catalog not covered or only partially covered by the Slave-Studies.net search engine.

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Re-Indexing of Catalog

The search engine used on these pages re-indexes the central catalog of the WWW Virtual Library History once per week (during the night from Sunday to Monday). The index of Slave-Studies.net is updated along with the catalog itself. Individual catalog records are only updated from time to time. Go directly to the respective sites to check for additions and changes.

Default Search Behavior

Enter one or more simple search terms, e. g.: slave trade.

• The search will retrieve all catalog entries or pages that include exact matches of all search terms.
• If no catalog entry or page includes exact matches of all search terms, the search will retrieve all entries or pages including exact matches of any of the terms.
• Searches are not case-sensitive.

Complex Search Expressions

Complex search expressions may be built using the following operators. All search techniques may be combined.

Phrase & Proximity Searching

Exact phrase search "…", e. g. "Roman slavery"

• will retrieve all catalog entries or pages that include an exact match of the phrase.

Close phrase search […], e. g. [Roman slavery]

• will retrieve all catalog entries or pages that include the two search terms in the given order, separated by no more than two intervening words. ([Roman slavery] matches catalog entries or pages containing phrases such as "Roman slavery", "The Roman law of slavery", but does not match: "Slavery in the Roman Republic", "Roman law and the history of slavery," etc.

Far phrase search {…}, e. g. {Roman slavery}

• will retrieve all catalog entries or pages that include the two search terms in the given order, separated by no more than seven intervening words. ({Roman slavery} matches catalog entries or pages containing phrases such as "Roman slavery", "The Roman law of slavery," "Roman law and the history of slavery", but does not match: "Slavery in the Roman republic," etc.

Phrases may contain two or more words, e. g. [history slavery emancipation]

• will retrieve catalog entries or pages containing phrases such as "Studies in the World History of Slavery, Abolition, and Emancipation."

+/- Qualifiers

Ex. +slavery -Roman

• will retrieve pages containing or not containing the qualified search terms respectively.

Wildcards

* may be used to substitute zero or more characters anywhere in a search term, e. g. s*lave*

• will retrieve catalog entries or pages containing "slave," "slavery," "Sklaverei," "Sclaverey," "slaverij," etc.

? may be used to substitute one single character anywhere in a search term, e. g. s?laver??

• will retrieve catalog entries or pages containing "Sklaverei" or "Sclaverey," but not "slavery."

Boolean Operators

Complex search expressions may be built using parentheses () and the operators AND, OR, AND NOT, and OR NOT (operators must be CAPITALIZED).

Punctuation, Diacritical Marks

Hyphenated words are treated like a quoted string (slave-ship = "slave-ship" = "slave ship"). — Other punctuation should be replaced by spaces (use "Syllabus Undergraduate" instead of "Syllabus/Undergraduate"). — Diacritical marks are ignore (Gorée = Goree).

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